Tag: Linking

Why shouldn’t we link directly to PDFs?

Links to PDFs change more frequently than a journal’s article landing page, for example. Therefore, linking directly to PDFs will cause links to break often, and the resources offered to students will be of high maintenance.

Unless copyright exceptions and licences permit it, the law will not allow you to redistribute the PDF freely to students.

What about hyperlinks and copyright?

How do I link to e-published articles?

How do I reference sources?

How do I find a legal version of an e-publication?

What about hyperlinks and copyright?

The author takes no responsibility for the content of this page, which is not intended as binding legal advice. The views are about copyright in the UK Higher Education sector context.

How do I find a legal version of an e-publication?

Some authors often upload their published version on ReseachGate and academia.edu when transferring their copyright to the publisher.

ReseachGate and academia.edu are commercial platforms, and most publishers do not allow authors to upload articles on those platforms because the existence of a published PDF online will cause them to lose income. There have been instances of publishers suing universities and authors for copyright breaches.

We cannot provide hyperlinks to documents posted on those platforms because linking to illegally posted sources online is unlawful.

So, what are the options?

  1. Check if the library has the publication. If it is a journal article, then if we subscribe, you can provide the DOI to the article (starting with http://dx.doi.org/…). If it is a book, you may provide the permalink from Locate.
  2. Find the publication on an institutional repository: a) look at the afflation of the authors. If it is from the UK or Europe and it is a post-2014 publication, likely, a version is legally deposited in the affiliated institutional repository; b) search on the browser for the name of the affiliation (e.g. “Coventry University”) plus the word ‘repository’. It will give you the link to the institutional repository; c) search for the title or author, and you may find the record and PDF; d) share that link openly.

What about hyperlinks and copyright?

How do I link to e-published articles?

Why shouldn’t we link directly to PDFs?

How do I reference sources?

What about hyperlinks and copyright?

The author takes no responsibility for the content of this page, which is not intended as binding legal advice. The views are about copyright in the UK Higher Education sector context.

How do I reference sources?

Use the APA Referencing Style to reference correctly in line with Coventry University Group guidelines.

Some disciplines, like Law, will require other referencing styles.

Include official links to referenced resources, such as official articles, landing pages, or officially uploaded material. 

What about hyperlinks and copyright?

How do I link to e-published articles?

Why shouldn’t we link directly to PDFs?

How do I find a legal version of an e-publication?

Can I link to videos and films?

What about hyperlinks and copyright?

The author takes no responsibility for the content of this page, which is not intended as binding legal advice. The views are about copyright in the UK Higher Education sector context.

Can I use third-party-owned resources for teaching?

You might breach copyright law if you upload third-party-owned resources without permission.

UK copyright law allows some exceptions for teaching, but they apply only within the UK.

As a general point, in assessing whether your use of the work is permitted, you must consider if there is any financial impact on the copyright owner because of your use (for example, loss in sales).

Linking to known illegal copies of a resource is unlawful.

In any case, you must provide suitable acknowledgements to the original source.

Some course material is available through licences purchased by the university.

In particular, Coventry University Library is responsible for the following licences:

The inclusion of downloaded and scanned materials such as book chapters and journal articles is most likely to be subject to copyright restrictions.

You may use Locate, the library catalogue, to discover the library’s holdings and obtain permalinks, or use closed-course access for quick access to resources.

However, some materials (for example, British Standards and Digimap) have territorial restrictions – students connecting from abroad cannot gain access. Please check with the Subject Librarian for updated information, including the licences below. 


CLA licence

The University has a Higher Education Licence with the CLA (Copyright Licensing Agency) that covers most UK publications and some US and other international publishers. The CLA Licence allows you to copy and distribute limited amounts of material without requesting permission each time.

As the process is managed by the library, you need to contact your course’s Subject Librarian for more information on whether your re-use of material is covered under the licence. 


Educational Recording Agency (ERA) Licence

The university also subscribes to Box of Broadcasts (BoB), a service for UK universities that allows you to view and record TV or radio programmes on over 60 channels. Please check with the Subject Librarian for updated information on territorial restrictions.

The author takes no responsibility for the content of this page, which is not intended as binding legal advice. The views are about copyright in the UK Higher Education sector context.

Can I use TED Talks?

TED Talks impose a fee to upload videos on a Subscription-Based Educational Service (Online Education Company) such as FutureLearn.

TED talks are distributed under the Creative Commons By Attribution NonCommercial-NonDerivatives. Therefore, they cannot be used for commercial purposes. No edits are allowed.  A good practice is to suggest students search for a specific video directly on the website. 

It is OK to include links to TED Talks to Aula. 


There are several TED Talks; for example, TEDx talks are only available on YouTube. See Can I link to YouTube?

Can I link to videos and films?

What about hyperlinks and copyright?

Can I make a transcript or a third party owned video?

Can I show clips or whole movies online?

The author takes no responsibility for the content of this page, which is not intended as binding legal advice. The views are about copyright in the UK Higher Education sector context.

Can I link to YouTube?

Providing that the video has been lawfully uploaded on YouTube, you may link to it.

Some countries block access to YouTube, and by linking to resources on the platform, you may disadvantage some foreign students. Sometimes, the same organisation on YouTube will make videos available through other platforms, such as Vimeo. 

It is possible to seek permission directly with the organisation (you must retain the permission correspondence for future reference). 

If using YouTube is unavoidable, you must provide alternatives for the activity.   

Can I link to videos and films?

What about hyperlinks and copyright?

Can I make a transcript or a third party owned video?

Can I use TED Talks?

Can I show clips or whole movies online?

The author takes no responsibility for the content of this page, which is not intended as binding legal advice. The views are about copyright in the UK Higher Education sector context.

Can I link to videos and films?

We can broadly assume that material hosted on organisations’ official channels is legally available, and consequently, we can link and embed them. More care will be necessary when linking to private posts in copyright infringement. You must be cautious, especially where part of the footage is from blockbusters and stock collections. 

Videos freely available on the internet may still be protected by copyright, and you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder before copying them. Not all material marked as free to use on the Internet is meant to be distributed freely: material might be incorrectly annotated, such as some posted on YouTube and Vimeo. 

What about hyperlinks and copyright?

Can I make a transcript or a third party owned video?

Can I link to YouTube?

Can I use TED Talks?

Can I show clips or whole movies online?

Can I upload broadcasts and movie clips?

TThe author takes no responsibility for the content of this page, which is not intended as binding legal advice. The views are about copyright in the UK Higher Education sector context

How do I link to e-published articles?

At times, material usually available through subscription may appear available from other websites.

Sometimes, this is legitimate (for example, through institutional repositories and permitted subject repositories, such as PubMed and arXiv). However, at other times, it is in breach of copyright law: for example, some articles on ResearchGate and Academia.edu are sometimes available without the copyright owners’ permission.

A copyright owner is not necessary the author or creator

We recommend not linking to ResearchGate, Academia.edu and personal web pages. 

Exercise care to ensure that the linked resource is available legally. It is unlawful to purposely link to illegally hosted resources on the Internet. 

We recommend that you include a complete reference using the APA Style reference, which mandates the inclusion of a hyperlinked Digital Object Identifier (DOI) (usually starting with https://doi.org/10…).  

This link is a permalink that takes users to the article’s landing page on the publisher’s website. Students will be able to access the full text according to these conditions: 

  • The article was published in open access 
  • The publisher has made the document accessible (though it could be subject to territorial and temporal restrictions)  
  • The Lanchester Library must have a subscription to the resource (off-campus users may have to log in via OpenAthens or Shibboleth), without which the user will receive an error message or be prompted for payment. 

Providing a permalink to resources through Locate, following the correct reference details is possible. 

What about hyperlinks and copyright?

How do I link to e-published articles?

Why shouldn’t we link directly to PDFs?

How do I find a legal version of an e-publication?

How do I reference sources?

What about hyperlinks and copyright?

The author takes no responsibility for the content of this page, which is not intended as binding legal advice. The views are about copyright in the UK Higher Education sector context.

What about hyperlinks and copyright?

Several court cases have set presidents in Law. In short, nobody can demand a fee for linking to a lawfully posted resource freely available online.

A copyright owner is not necessary the author or creator

The main question for a user wanting to post a link is whether the initial posting was done with the copyright owner’s consent.

There is no infringement if the copyright owner gave permission for the original posting. There is no infringement either if the re-poster was unaware that the copyright owner did not grant permission. However, there is infringement id the re-poster is aware that the original post was done without consent of the copyright owner.
Decision workflow

How do I link to e-published articles?

How do I reference sources?

How do I find a legal version of an e-publication?

Why shouldn’t we link directly to PDFs?

Can I link to videos and films?

The author takes no responsibility for the content of this page, which is not intended as binding legal advice. The views are about copyright in the UK Higher Education sector context.

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